Iliac outflow obstruction:
select, image, plan
Five decisions where a visible varix is only part of the venous problem.
Preparing your clinical challenge…
Recent questions. Carefully qualified answers.
Abbreviations used in this edition
NIVL: nonthrombotic iliac vein lesion · PTS: post-thrombotic syndrome · DVT: deep vein thrombosis · VTE: venous thromboembolism · IVUS: intravascular ultrasound · CFV: common femoral vein · FV: femoral vein · DFV/profunda: deep femoral vein · GSV: great saphenous vein · CT: computed tomography · C4: venous skin changes · VCSS: Venous Clinical Severity Score · RCT: randomized controlled trial · ESVS: European Society for Vascular Surgery · SCAI/SVM: cardiovascular interventional and vascular medicine societies.
Evidence checked 10 October 2026. Recent-evidence window: 10 October 2025–10 October 2026; older sources are clearly labeled. Original, AI-assisted educational cases; not independently reviewed by a clinician. Apply current guidance and individual clinical assessment. This edition provides no accredited CME credit. Quiz answers remain in this browser. Submitted names and comments are stored on the website and displayed publicly beneath the relevant question.